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Section 115 CPC - Code of Civil Procedure - Revision.

 Section 115 CPC Description

1[(1)] The High Court may call for the record of any case which has been decided by any Court subordinate to such High Court and in which no appeal lies thereto, and if such subordinate Court appears-


(a) to have exercised a jurisdiction not vested in it by law, or


(b) to have failed to exercise a jurisdiction so vested, or


(c) to have acted in the exercise of its jurisdiction illegally or with material irregularity,


the High Court may make such Order in the case as it thinks fit:


2[Provided that the High Court shall not, under this section, vary or reverse any Order made, or any Order deciding an issue, in the course of a suit or other proceeding, except where the Order, if it had been made in favour of the party applying for revision, would have finally disposed of the suit or other proceedings.]


3[(2) The High Court shall not, under this section, vary or reverse any decree or Order against which an appeal lies either to the High Court or to any Court subordinate thereto.]


4[(3) A revision shall not operate as a stay of suit or other proceeding before the , Court except where such suit or other proceeding is stayed by the High Court.]


3[Explanation.-In this section, the expression "any case which has been decided" includes any Order made, or any Order deciding an issue in the course of a suit or other proceeding.]


STATE AMENDMENTS


Madhya Pradesh-For Section 115 of the principal Act, the following Section substituted.


"-


The High Court may call for the record of any cases which has been decided by any Court subordinate to such High Court and in which no appeal lies thereto, and if such subordinate Court appears-


(a) to have exercised a jurisdiction not vested in it by law; or


(b) to have failed to exercise a jurisdiction so vested; or


(c) to have acted in the exercise of its jurisdiction illegally or with material irregularity, the High Court may make such Order in the case as it thinks fit;


Provided that the High Court shall not, under this section, vary or reverse any Order made or any Order deciding an issue, in the course of a suit or other proceedings except where:-


(a) the Order, if it had been made in favour of the party applying for the revision, would have finally disposed of the suit or proceeding; or


(b) the Order, if allowed to stand, would occasion a failure of justice or cause irreparable injury to the party against whom it was made.


(2) The High Court shall not, under this section, vary or reverse any decree or Order against which an appeal lies either to the High Court or to any court subordinate thereto.


Explanation.-In this section, the expression "any case which has been decided" includes any Order made, or any Order deciding an issue in the course of a suit or other proceeding."


[Vide M.P. Act 4 of 1994, sec. 2 (w.e.f. 15-3-1994).]


Orissa.-In its application to the State of Orissa, for section 115, substitute the following:-


"-


The High Court, in eases arising out of original suits or other proceedings of the value exceeding one lakh rupees, and the District Court, in any other case, including a case arising out of an original suit or other proceedings instituted before the commencement of the Code of Civil Procedure (Orissa Amendment) Act, 1991, may call for the record of any case which has been decided by any Court subordinate to the High Court or the District Court, as the case may be, and in which no appeal lies thereto, and if such subordinate Court appears-


(a) to have exercised a jurisdiction not vested in it by law; or


(b) to have failed to exercise a jurisdiction so vested; or


(c) to have acted in the exercise of its jurisdiction illegally or with material irregularity, the High Court or the District Court, as the case may be, may make such Order in the case as it thinks fit;


Provided that in respect of cases arising out of original suits or other proceedings of any valuation decided by the District Court, the High Court alone shall be competent to make an Order under this section:


Provided further that the High Court or the District Court shall not, under this section, vary or reverse any Order, including an Order deciding an issue, made in the course of a suit or other proceedings, except where,-


(i) the Order, if so varied or reversed, would finally dispose of the suit or other proceedings; or


(ii) the Order, if allowed to stand, would occasion a failure of justice or cause irreparable injury to the party against whom it was made.


Explanation.-In this section, the expression "any case which has been decided" includes any Order deciding an issue in the course of a suit or other proceeding."


Saving:-


The amendment made this Act shall not effect the validity, invalidity, effect or consequence of anything already done of suffered, or any jurisdiction already exercised, and any proceeding instituted or commenced in the High Court under section 115 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 5 of 1908, prior to the commencement of this Act shall, notwithstanding such amendment, continue to be heard and decided by such Court."


[Vide Orissa Act 26 of 1991, sec. 2 (w.e.f. 7-11-1991).]


Uttar Pradesh.-In its application to the State of Uttar Pradesh, for section 115, substitute the following:-


"115 Revision.-


The High Court, in cases arising out of original suits or other proceedings of the value exceeding one lakh rupees or such higher amount not exceeding five lakh rupees as the High Court may from time to time fix, by notification published in the Official Gazette including such suits or other proceedings instituted before the date of commencement of the U.P. Civil Laws (Amendment) Act, 1991, or as the case may be, the date of commencement of such notification and the District Court in any other case, including a case arising out of an original suit or other proceedings instituted before such date, may call for the record of any case which has been decided by any Court subordinate to such High Court or District Court, as the case may be, and in which no appeal lies thereto, and if such subordinate Court appears-


(a) to have exercised a jurisdiction not vested in it by law; or


(b) to have failed to exercise a jurisdiction so vested; or


(c) to have acted in the exercise of its jurisdiction illegally or with material irregularity,


the High Court or the District Court, as the case may be, may make such Order in the case as it thinks fit:


Provided that in respect of cases arising out of original suits or other proceedings of any valuation, decided by the District Court, the High Court alone shall be competent to make an Order under this section:


Provided further that the High Court or the District Court shall not, under this section, vary or reverse any Order including an Order deciding an issue, made in the course of a suit or other proceeding, except where,-


(i) the Order, if so varied or reversed, would finally dispose of the suit or other proceeding; or


(ii) the Order, if allowed to stand, would occasion a failure of justice or cause irreparable injury to the party against whom it was made:


Provided also that where a proceeding of the nature in which the District Court may call for the record and pass Orders under this Section was pending immediately before the relevant date of commencement referred to above, in the High Court, such Court shall proceed to dispose of the same.


Explanation.-In this section, the expression "any case which has been decided" includes any Order deciding an issue in the course of a suit or other proceeding."


Transitory Provisions:-


Where a proceeding of the nature in which District Court may call for the record and pass Orders under section 115 of the said Code as substituted by this Act was pending immediately before August 1, 1978.- (a) In the District Court, such Court shall proceed to dispose of the same as if the provisions of the same as if the provisions of this Act were in force at all material times;


(b) in the High Court, such Court shall proceed to dispose of the same as if this Act has not come into force."


[Vide U.P. Acts 31 of 1978, Sections 3 and 5 (w.e.f. 1-8-1978) as amended by Uttar Pradesh Act 17 of 1991, sec. 7 (w.e.f. 15-1-1991).]


West Bengal-After Section 115 of the Code the following section 115A inserted:


"115A. District Court's powers of revision-


(1) A District Court may exercise all or any of the power which may be exercised by the High Court under section 115.


(2) Where any proceedings by way of revision is commenced before a District Court in pursuance of the provision of sub-section (1), the provisions of section 115 shall, so for as may be, apply to such proceeding and references to the said section 60 the High Court shall be construed as reference to the District Court.


(3) Where any proceeding for revision is commenced before the District Court, the decision of the District Court on such proceeding shall be final and no further proceeding by way of revision shall be entertained by the High Court or any other Court.


(4) If any application for revision has been made by any party either to the High Court under section 115 or to the District Court under this section, no further application by the same party shall be entertained by the other of them.


(5) A Court of an Additional Judge shall have and may exercise all the powers of a District Court under this section in respect of any proceeding which may be transferred to it by or under any general or special Order of the District Court"


[Vide West Bengal Act No. 15 of 1988, sec. 3 (w.e.f. 1-2-1989).]


COMMENTS


(i) Order allowing proposed amendment would not also come under clause (b) of section 115(1). Under revisional powers of High Court this cannot be interfered with by High Court. Prem Bakshi v. Dharam Dev, AIR 2002 SC 559.


(ii) The objections filed by the petitioners were under Order 21, rule 36 C.P.C. and the only remedy against it is revision under section 115 C.P.C. The Appellate Authority has rightly dismissed the appeal in limine as not maintainble; Naresh Sharma v. Ramesh Chand, AIR 2000 HP 6.


(iii) Revisional court ought to consider and discuss evidence on which finding was based by lower authorities. Mere statement by Revisional court that there was evidence to show that the bona fides of the landlord was proved is not sufficient; K. Urmila v. Ram Kumar Verma, AIR 1998 SC 1188.


(iv) Revision against erroneous finding with regard to admissibility of evidence was held to be competent; Kundan Mal v. Nand Kishore, AIR 1994 Raj 1.


(v) Revisional jurisdiction of the High Court?Validity of an Order can be examined even if no reason has been specified for Order except exercise of power under a rule; Charles Mantosh v. Dalhousie Institute, AIR 1993 Cal 232.


(vi) Revision against an Order admitting documents after arguments were over is not maintainable; Hemendra Chaudhary v. M/s. Punjab National Bank, AIR 1993 All 49: 1993(21) All LR 218: 1993 All LJ 76.


(vii) Ex parte decree of ejectment?Revision against?Death of one of the co-landlords during pendency of the revision?No substitution?Held, revision would not abate; Ram Gopal Sharma v. Ist Additional District Judge, Meerut, AIR 1993 All 124: 1992 All CJ 1026.


(viii) Revisional court is not competent to reappreciate evidence; Padartha Amat v. Siba Sahu, AIR 1993 Ori 92.


(ix) Under section 115 of the Code, the High Court connot reappreciate the evidence and cannot set aside the concurrent findings of the Courts below by taking a different view of the evidence. The High Court is empowered only to interfare with the findings of fact if the findings are perverse or there has been a non-appreciation or non-consideration of the material evidence on record by the Courts below. Simply because another view of the evidence may be taken is no ground by the High Court to interfere in its revisional jurisdiction; Masjid Kacha Tank, Nahan v. Tuffail Mohammed, AIR 1991 SC 455.


1. Sec. 115 re-numbered as sub-section (1) of that section by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 43 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).


2. Ins. by Act 104 of 1976, sec. 43 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977) and subs. by Act 46 of 1999, sec. 12 (w.e.f. 1-7-2002).


3. Ins. by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 43 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).


4. Ins. by Act No. 46 of 1999, section 12 (w.e.f. 1-7-2002).


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